SECOND DIVISION
[ G.R. No. 102078, May 15, 1996 ]PEOPLE v. ROLANDO FELICIANO Y AGUSTIN +
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, VS. ROLANDO FELICIANO Y AGUSTIN, JOHN DOE AND PETER DOE ACCUSED. ROLANDO FELICIANO Y AGUSTIN, ACCUSED-APPELLANT.
D E C I S I O N
PEOPLE v. ROLANDO FELICIANO Y AGUSTIN +
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, VS. ROLANDO FELICIANO Y AGUSTIN, JOHN DOE AND PETER DOE ACCUSED. ROLANDO FELICIANO Y AGUSTIN, ACCUSED-APPELLANT.
D E C I S I O N
ROMERO, J.:
Rolando Feliciano alias "Ato" appeals from a decision of the Regional Trial Court, Branch 104 of Quezon City finding him guilty beyond reasonable doubt of the crime of Robbery with Homicide.[1]
On May 30, 1988, Rolando Feliciano, his brother Rogelio Feliciano and John Doe, were at the house of 68-year old Rosario Fariñas at 99 K-6 Street, Quezon City. They claimed to be waiting for Ben Junio, Rosario Fariñas' son-in-law.[2] Along with Rosario Fariñas, a thirteen-year old helper, Nelia Basilio, was also around. When Rosario's brother, Marciano Fariñas, arrived at about ten thirty in the morning, the three men were already inside the house.
In keeping with Filipino custom, the three guests were invited to lunch even if Ben Junio had not yet arrived. Upon entering the dining room, Rolando Feliciano immediately poked a knife at Rosario Fariñas. Rogelio Feliciano, alias "Kiting" pointed a gun at Marciano Fariñas and the third man pointed a knife at Nelia Basilio. Without warning or provocation, Rolando Feliciano stabbed Rosario Fariñas three times in the chest. The first wound was fatal as it punctured the heart. Marciano Fariñas was brought to the second floor to get money for the robbers. All told, P1000.00 and $200.00 were taken from Marciano. The young helper was also forced to divulge that there was money in Rosario's room on the ground floor. After ransacking the room, the men found and carried away an undetermined amount of U.S. dollars. Upon returning to the ground floor, Marciano Fariñas was asked to give more money. When he declined to give any, Rolando Feliciano, upon Rogelio Feliciano's instructions, stabbed Marciano Fariñas several times.
This last victim screamed for help, causing the robbers to panic and hurriedly scamper away after firing at Marciano. The latter did not get shot and survived after undergoing hospital treatment for twenty-three days.
The findings of Dr. Alberto M. Reyes, medico legal officer of the NBI, established that Rosario Fariñas died of severe hemorrhage secondary to stab wounds in the chest.[3]
On December 5, 1990, a team of policemen from Cardona, Rizal, led by Pfc. Crispin Gondra, arrested Rolando Feliciano after wounding him in his attempt to escape. Rogelio Feliciano and John Doe eluded arrest and have not been apprehended.
Rolando Feliciano was charged with the crime of Robbery with Homicide in an information which reads:
After arraignment, trial ensued. Prosecution evidence was mainly based on the eyewitness accounts of Nelia Basilio and Marciano Fariñas. The defense proffered alibi, with the accused-appellant Rolando Feliciano, his wife and a neighbor testifying. The trial court convicted Rolando Feliciano of Robbery with Homicide on September 5, 1991 in a decision with the following dispositive portion:
In this appeal, accused-appellant Rolando Feliciano contends that the trial court failed to prove his guilt and participation in the crime charged. He is not the third unidentified robber as stated by Nelia Basilio whose testimony is perjured and who never mentioned Rolando Feliciano in the first affidavit she gave before the police. Accused-appellant likewise faults the trial court for not giving credence to his defense of alibi.
According to appellant, Nelia Basilio's failure to identify him in her first affidavit, given on the evening of May 30, 1988,[4] is fatal to the case and disproves Rolando Feliciano's culpability. More particularly, the name of appellant Rolando Feliciano is not mentioned in this affidavit, which reads in part:
While it is true that appellant's name does not appear in this first affidavit, which was taken a few hours after the crime, still, his responsibility for the crime cannot be doubted. On December 9, 1990, witness Nelia Basilio executed another affidavit before Pfc. Reynaldo Medina, Jr. at the Rizal Medical Center in Pasig, Metro Manila. In this second statement, she categorically identified Rolando Feliciano, then lying on Bed No. 26 of the hospital's surgical ward, as the person who stabbed Rosario Fariñas on May 30, 1988.[5] More significantly, appellant's guilt is certain in view of the following testimony:
Like the court a quo, we find Nelia Basilio's testimony cogent, straightforward and convincing. Considering that this witness was very close to the victim and the assailant,[9] that witness was previously acquainted with appellant,[10] and the absence of any improper motive to implicate the appellant, the Court is convinced that Nelia Basilio's narration of events and identification of appellant are candid and constitute the true version of what actually transpired.
It is not necessary for the name of an accused to be specifically stated by a witness in an affidavit or testimony. Victims of crimes cannot always identify by name their assailants. It is imperative, however, that the attacker be pointed out and unequivocally identified during trial in court as the same person who committed the crime. In the case at bar, Nelia Basilio's casual acquaintance with the Feliciano brothers facilitated the arrest and identification of appellant Rolando Feliciano.
The Court also finds that the trial court committed no error in not accepting appellant's defense of alibi. The court below correctly held:
More importantly, with the positive identification of appellant Rolando Feliciano, his alibi must necessarily fail.[15]
The crime committed was Robbery with Homicide, a single indivisible crime punishable by Article 294, number 1 of the Revised Penal Code.[16] It is a special complex crime with the specific penalty provided for in the law.[17] Despite the physical injuries sustained by Marciano Fariñas, the crime is still Robbery with Homicide. The word "homicide" is used in its generic sense as it includes murder and absorbs serious physical injuries committed during the robbery.[18]
The Court also finds that the aggravating circumstance of dwelling is present in the case at bar. When the crime is committed in the dwelling of the offended party and the latter has not given provocation, dwelling may be appreciated as an aggravating circumstance.[19] Here, the crime was committed inside the house of Rosario Fariñas, the deceased victim. Dwelling can be considered aggravating in robbery with homicide because this kind of robbery can be committed without the necessity of transgressing the sanctity of the house.[20] The offender's deliberate invasion of the tranquility of one's domicile shows greater perversity.[21]
Since the crime was committed in 1988, the provisions of the Revised Penal Code then existing are applicable. Article 294, number 1 reads:
WHEREFORE, the appealed decision of the trial court is hereby AFFIRMED in toto.
SO ORDERED.
Regalado (Chairman), Puno, Mendoza, and Torres, Jr., JJ., concur.
[1] Judgment in Criminal Case No. Q-90-17043, "People v. Rolando Feliciano y Agustin, et al." penned by Judge Maximiano C. Asuncion. Rollo, pp. 58-66.
[2] Ben Junio was married to Teresa, the adopted daughter of Rosario Fariñas. He was said to be at Cardona, Rizal when the three men arrived.
[3] TSN, April 29, 1991, p. 15.
[4] Exhibit "1", Exhibit "A", Records, p. 56.
[5] Exhibit "2", Exhibit "B", Records, p. 57.
[6] TSN, April 24, 1991, pp. 6-10.
[7] Ibid., at p. 12.
[8] Ibid., at pp. 24-25.
[9] The witness testified that she was positioned one meter away from Rosario Fariñas when she was stabbed by Rolando Feliciano. TSN, April 24, 1991, p. 37.
[10] A townmate from Bayambang, Pangasinan.
[11] Decision, p. 9. Rollo, p. 66.
[12] TSN, July 10, 1991, p. 4.
[13] TSN, July 10, 1991, p. 27.
[14] TSN, July 10, 1991, pp. 32-33.
[15] People v. Parica, G.R. No. 80611, April 21, 1995, 243 SCRA 557; People v. Mallari, G.R. No. 104891, February 6,1995, 241 SCRA 113; People v. Java, G.R. No. 104611, November 10, 1993, 227 SCRA 668.
[16] A. GREGORIO, FUNDAMENTALS OFCRIMINAL LAW REVIEW 523 (8th ed., 1988).
[17] Ibid.
[18] People v. Penillos, G.R. No. 65673, January 30, 1993, 205 SCRA 546; People v. Manuel, 44 Phil. 333; L. REYES, II THE REVISED PENAL CODE 605 (12th ed., 1981).
[19] Article 14, number 3, Revised Penal Code.
[20] People v. Dejaresco, G.R. No. L-32701, June 19, 1984,129 SCRA 576 cited in A. GREGORIO, op. cit. at 97; People v. Lagario, G.R. No. 92000, July 5, 1993, 224 SCRA 351.
[21] People v. Roncal, G.R. No. L-26857, October 21, 1977, 79 SCRA 209 cited in A. GREGORIO, op. cit. at 98.
[22] Section 19 (1), Article III, 1987 Constitution.
[23] People v. Dapitan, G.R No. 90625, May 23, 1991, 197 SCRA 378.
On May 30, 1988, Rolando Feliciano, his brother Rogelio Feliciano and John Doe, were at the house of 68-year old Rosario Fariñas at 99 K-6 Street, Quezon City. They claimed to be waiting for Ben Junio, Rosario Fariñas' son-in-law.[2] Along with Rosario Fariñas, a thirteen-year old helper, Nelia Basilio, was also around. When Rosario's brother, Marciano Fariñas, arrived at about ten thirty in the morning, the three men were already inside the house.
In keeping with Filipino custom, the three guests were invited to lunch even if Ben Junio had not yet arrived. Upon entering the dining room, Rolando Feliciano immediately poked a knife at Rosario Fariñas. Rogelio Feliciano, alias "Kiting" pointed a gun at Marciano Fariñas and the third man pointed a knife at Nelia Basilio. Without warning or provocation, Rolando Feliciano stabbed Rosario Fariñas three times in the chest. The first wound was fatal as it punctured the heart. Marciano Fariñas was brought to the second floor to get money for the robbers. All told, P1000.00 and $200.00 were taken from Marciano. The young helper was also forced to divulge that there was money in Rosario's room on the ground floor. After ransacking the room, the men found and carried away an undetermined amount of U.S. dollars. Upon returning to the ground floor, Marciano Fariñas was asked to give more money. When he declined to give any, Rolando Feliciano, upon Rogelio Feliciano's instructions, stabbed Marciano Fariñas several times.
This last victim screamed for help, causing the robbers to panic and hurriedly scamper away after firing at Marciano. The latter did not get shot and survived after undergoing hospital treatment for twenty-three days.
The findings of Dr. Alberto M. Reyes, medico legal officer of the NBI, established that Rosario Fariñas died of severe hemorrhage secondary to stab wounds in the chest.[3]
On December 5, 1990, a team of policemen from Cardona, Rizal, led by Pfc. Crispin Gondra, arrested Rolando Feliciano after wounding him in his attempt to escape. Rogelio Feliciano and John Doe eluded arrest and have not been apprehended.
Rolando Feliciano was charged with the crime of Robbery with Homicide in an information which reads:
"That on or about the 30th day of May, 1988, in Quezon City, Philippines, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, conspiring together, confederating with and mutually helping one another, with intent to gain and by means of violence and intimidation against person, did then and there wilfully, unlawfully and feloniously rob ROSARIO FARIÑAS Y TOLENTINO and MARCIANO T. FARIÑAS in the following manner to wit: on the date and place aforementioned, accused pursuant to their conspiracy, armed with knives and guns, robbed ROSARIO FARIÑAS Y TOLENTINO and MARCIANO T. FARIÑAS at their residence located at No. 99 K-6th, Kamias, this City, and divested them of the ff.:
1. MARCIANO T. FARIÑAS - P1,000.00 and $200.00 US Dollar
2. ROSARIO FARIÑAS Y TOLENTINO - Undetermined amount of U.S. Dollars
and that on the occasion of the said Robbery, said accused with intent to kill and without any justifiable cause did then and there, wilfully, unlawfully and feloniously, stabbed (stab) them on the different parts of their bodies, thereby inflicting upon ROSARIO FARIÑAS Y TOLENTLNO serious and mortal wounds which was (were) the direct and immediate cause of her untimely death and physical injuries to said MARCIANO T. FARIÑAS which have required him medical attendance and/or incapacitated him from performing his customary labor for a period of more than nine (9) days but less than thirty (30) days, to the damage and prejudice of the heirs of said ROSARIO FARIÑAS Y TOLENTINO and to said MARCIANO FARIÑAS in such amount as may be awarded to them under the provisions of the New Civil Code of the Philippines.
CONTRARY TO LAW." (Corrections in parenthesis supplied)
After arraignment, trial ensued. Prosecution evidence was mainly based on the eyewitness accounts of Nelia Basilio and Marciano Fariñas. The defense proffered alibi, with the accused-appellant Rolando Feliciano, his wife and a neighbor testifying. The trial court convicted Rolando Feliciano of Robbery with Homicide on September 5, 1991 in a decision with the following dispositive portion:
"WHEREFORE, finding the accused ROLANDO FELICIANO Y AGUSTIN guilty beyond reasonable doubt of the crime of Robbery with Homicide, as penalized under Art. 294, Revised Penal Code, he is hereby sentenced to DEATH, but because of the constitutional mandate prohibiting the imposition of death penalty, he is hereby ordered to suffer the penalty of RECLUSION PERPETUA only, plus all the accessory penalties provided by law; to pay the heirs of the deceased Rosario Fariñas the sum of P50,000.00, and to pay also Marciano T. Fariñas P1,000.00 and $200.00 US dollars, without subsidiary imprisonment in case of insolvency, and to pay the costs.
SO ORDERED."
In this appeal, accused-appellant Rolando Feliciano contends that the trial court failed to prove his guilt and participation in the crime charged. He is not the third unidentified robber as stated by Nelia Basilio whose testimony is perjured and who never mentioned Rolando Feliciano in the first affidavit she gave before the police. Accused-appellant likewise faults the trial court for not giving credence to his defense of alibi.
According to appellant, Nelia Basilio's failure to identify him in her first affidavit, given on the evening of May 30, 1988,[4] is fatal to the case and disproves Rolando Feliciano's culpability. More particularly, the name of appellant Rolando Feliciano is not mentioned in this affidavit, which reads in part:
"06. T - Kilala mo ba kung sino ang pumatay sa amo mo?
S - Yung isa po si ROGELIO FELICIANO na kilala ko po sa pangalang KITENG at yung isa na si ROGEL ang pangalan yung isang lalaki ay hindi ko alam ang pangalan ngunit alam at tanda ko lahat ang mukha nila."
While it is true that appellant's name does not appear in this first affidavit, which was taken a few hours after the crime, still, his responsibility for the crime cannot be doubted. On December 9, 1990, witness Nelia Basilio executed another affidavit before Pfc. Reynaldo Medina, Jr. at the Rizal Medical Center in Pasig, Metro Manila. In this second statement, she categorically identified Rolando Feliciano, then lying on Bed No. 26 of the hospital's surgical ward, as the person who stabbed Rosario Fariñas on May 30, 1988.[5] More significantly, appellant's guilt is certain in view of the following testimony:
"DIRECT EXAMINATION OF NELIA BASILIOFrom the aforequoted transcript of Nelia Basilio's testimony, appellant Rolando Feliciano's complicity in the crime as Rosario Fariñas' attacker and one of the three robbers who held them up on May 30, 1988, is clearly established.
x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x
On cross-examination, Nelia Basilio testified:
"ATTY.CEREZO:
COURT:
WITNESS:
Like the court a quo, we find Nelia Basilio's testimony cogent, straightforward and convincing. Considering that this witness was very close to the victim and the assailant,[9] that witness was previously acquainted with appellant,[10] and the absence of any improper motive to implicate the appellant, the Court is convinced that Nelia Basilio's narration of events and identification of appellant are candid and constitute the true version of what actually transpired.
It is not necessary for the name of an accused to be specifically stated by a witness in an affidavit or testimony. Victims of crimes cannot always identify by name their assailants. It is imperative, however, that the attacker be pointed out and unequivocally identified during trial in court as the same person who committed the crime. In the case at bar, Nelia Basilio's casual acquaintance with the Feliciano brothers facilitated the arrest and identification of appellant Rolando Feliciano.
The Court also finds that the trial court committed no error in not accepting appellant's defense of alibi. The court below correctly held:
"x x x Accused's wife cannot even ascertain to (sic) the fact that on the day of the crime, accused Feliciano was actually at Tayuman, Angono, Rizal allegedly buying a banca. Not even defense witness Lolita Padrid, a neighbor, was able to corroborate to (sic) the presence of accused all these time she stayed at Feliciano's house on the day of the crime. x x x"[11]Appellant claims he was at home from ten in the morning to twelve noon. His wife claims he was out buying a banca. A neighbor claims she saw him only at 2:15 in the afternoon, coming home, riding a banca. The discrepancies in their testimonies sow confusion as to the exact whereabouts of appellant at the time of the crime. It is, therefore, not surprising that the trial court found appellant's excuse of alibi incredulous.
Appellant Rolando Feliciano recounted that he was at home at the time of the crime.
DIRECT EXAMINATION BY ATTY. CEREZO:
The defense panel also presented Lolita Padrid, a neighbor of appellant, as witness.
"ATTY.CEREZO:
PROSECUTOR BELTRAN:
ATTY.CEREZO:
Appellant's wife, Betty Feliciano, was the last witness who similarly tried to re-enforce the assailant's excuse of alibi.
"ATTY.CEREZO:
COURT:
PROSECUTOR BELTRAN:
COURT:
More importantly, with the positive identification of appellant Rolando Feliciano, his alibi must necessarily fail.[15]
The crime committed was Robbery with Homicide, a single indivisible crime punishable by Article 294, number 1 of the Revised Penal Code.[16] It is a special complex crime with the specific penalty provided for in the law.[17] Despite the physical injuries sustained by Marciano Fariñas, the crime is still Robbery with Homicide. The word "homicide" is used in its generic sense as it includes murder and absorbs serious physical injuries committed during the robbery.[18]
The Court also finds that the aggravating circumstance of dwelling is present in the case at bar. When the crime is committed in the dwelling of the offended party and the latter has not given provocation, dwelling may be appreciated as an aggravating circumstance.[19] Here, the crime was committed inside the house of Rosario Fariñas, the deceased victim. Dwelling can be considered aggravating in robbery with homicide because this kind of robbery can be committed without the necessity of transgressing the sanctity of the house.[20] The offender's deliberate invasion of the tranquility of one's domicile shows greater perversity.[21]
Since the crime was committed in 1988, the provisions of the Revised Penal Code then existing are applicable. Article 294, number 1 reads:
"Art. 294. Robbery with violence against or intimidation of persons - Penalties. - Any person guilty of robbery with the use of violence against or intimidation of any person shall suffer:With the constitutional prohibition of the imposition of the death penalty,[22] the crime of robbery with homicide effectively became punishable by the single and indivisible penalty of reclusion perpetua. As such, said penalty must be imposed regardless of the presence of mitigating or aggravating circumstances.[23] Hence, even with the presence of the aggravating circumstance of dwelling, the penalty imposable for the crime of robbery with homicide remains reclusion perpetua.
1. The penalty of reclusion perpetua to death, when by reason or on occasion of the robbery, the crime of homicide shall have been committed.
x x x x x x x x x"
WHEREFORE, the appealed decision of the trial court is hereby AFFIRMED in toto.
SO ORDERED.
Regalado (Chairman), Puno, Mendoza, and Torres, Jr., JJ., concur.
[1] Judgment in Criminal Case No. Q-90-17043, "People v. Rolando Feliciano y Agustin, et al." penned by Judge Maximiano C. Asuncion. Rollo, pp. 58-66.
[2] Ben Junio was married to Teresa, the adopted daughter of Rosario Fariñas. He was said to be at Cardona, Rizal when the three men arrived.
[3] TSN, April 29, 1991, p. 15.
[4] Exhibit "1", Exhibit "A", Records, p. 56.
[5] Exhibit "2", Exhibit "B", Records, p. 57.
[6] TSN, April 24, 1991, pp. 6-10.
[7] Ibid., at p. 12.
[8] Ibid., at pp. 24-25.
[9] The witness testified that she was positioned one meter away from Rosario Fariñas when she was stabbed by Rolando Feliciano. TSN, April 24, 1991, p. 37.
[10] A townmate from Bayambang, Pangasinan.
[11] Decision, p. 9. Rollo, p. 66.
[12] TSN, July 10, 1991, p. 4.
[13] TSN, July 10, 1991, p. 27.
[14] TSN, July 10, 1991, pp. 32-33.
[15] People v. Parica, G.R. No. 80611, April 21, 1995, 243 SCRA 557; People v. Mallari, G.R. No. 104891, February 6,1995, 241 SCRA 113; People v. Java, G.R. No. 104611, November 10, 1993, 227 SCRA 668.
[16] A. GREGORIO, FUNDAMENTALS OFCRIMINAL LAW REVIEW 523 (8th ed., 1988).
[17] Ibid.
[18] People v. Penillos, G.R. No. 65673, January 30, 1993, 205 SCRA 546; People v. Manuel, 44 Phil. 333; L. REYES, II THE REVISED PENAL CODE 605 (12th ed., 1981).
[19] Article 14, number 3, Revised Penal Code.
[20] People v. Dejaresco, G.R. No. L-32701, June 19, 1984,129 SCRA 576 cited in A. GREGORIO, op. cit. at 97; People v. Lagario, G.R. No. 92000, July 5, 1993, 224 SCRA 351.
[21] People v. Roncal, G.R. No. L-26857, October 21, 1977, 79 SCRA 209 cited in A. GREGORIO, op. cit. at 98.
[22] Section 19 (1), Article III, 1987 Constitution.
[23] People v. Dapitan, G.R No. 90625, May 23, 1991, 197 SCRA 378.