EN BANC
[ A.M. No. RTJ-05-1952, December 24, 2008 ]OCA v. JUDGE NORMA C. PERELLO +
OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR, COMPLAINANT, VS. JUDGE NORMA C. PERELLO, FORMER CLERK OF COURT LUIS C. BUCAYON II, COURT STENOGRAPHERS THELMA A. MANGILIT, CECILIO B. ARGAME, MARICAR N. EUGENIO, AND RADIGUNDA R. LAMAN AND INTERPRETER PAUL M. RESURRECCION, ALL OF THE
REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 276, MUNTINLUPA CITY, RESPONDENTS.
D E C I S I O N
OCA v. JUDGE NORMA C. PERELLO +
OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR, COMPLAINANT, VS. JUDGE NORMA C. PERELLO, FORMER CLERK OF COURT LUIS C. BUCAYON II, COURT STENOGRAPHERS THELMA A. MANGILIT, CECILIO B. ARGAME, MARICAR N. EUGENIO, AND RADIGUNDA R. LAMAN AND INTERPRETER PAUL M. RESURRECCION, ALL OF THE
REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 276, MUNTINLUPA CITY, RESPONDENTS.
D E C I S I O N
LEONARDO-DE CASTRO, J.:
The instant case stemmed from the judicial audit conducted by the Office of the Court Administrator (OCA) in all seven (7) branches of the Regional Trial Court in Muntinlupa City, including Branch 276 then presided by herein respondent Judge Norma C. Perello
(Judge Perello). The audit was prompted by reports of perceived irregular disposition of petitions for habeas corpus by the said court.
In its Memorandum[1] dated January 25, 2004 and submitted to the OCA, the audit team reported that for the period 1998-2004, a total of 219 petitions for habeas corpus were assigned to Branch 276, the subject matters of which are classified into (a) hospitalization; (b) custody of minors; (c) illegal possession of firearms; and (d) violation of Republic Act (R.A.) No. 6425, otherwise known as the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972. The records for 22 of these cases were not presented to the audit team, while the case folders of about a hundred cases did not contain copies of the decisions of conviction. The audit team also noted a huge disparity in the number of petitions for habeas corpus raffled in Branch 276 as against those raffled in the other branches, which led the team to doubt if the raffle had been conducted with strict regularity considering the fact that Judge Perello was the Executive Judge that time.
The audit team likewise reported several substantive and procedural lapses relative to the disposition of habeas corpus cases in Branch 276, such as (a) failure of the branch clerk of court to present to the audit team the case folders of 22 petitions and to send notices/summons to the Office of the Solicitor General or the Office of the City Prosecutor; (b) lack of return of the writs issued to the officials of the Bureau of Corrections; (c) absence of certificate of detention/confinement from the Bureau of Corrections; (d) absence of copies of the judgment of conviction; (e) failure of the court stenographer to transcribe the stenographic notes and attach the transcript to the records of each case; and (f) failure on the part of the court interpreter to prepare the Minutes of the court sessions or hearings.
Finally, the audit team observed that in some of the petitions for habeas corpus, respondent Judge Perello erred in ordering the release of the prisoners before they have served the full term of their sentence.
Thus, the audit team recommended to the OCA to consider the judicial audit report as an administrative complaint against (a) Judge Perello and Clerk of Court Atty. Luis Bucayon II for gross ignorance of the law, grave abuse of discretion and grave misconduct; and (b) Court Stenographers Thelma Mangilit, Cecilio Argame, Maricar Eugenio and Radigunda Laman, and Court Interpreter Paul Resurreccion for gross inefficiency.
In its Resolution dated March 2, 2005, the Court adopted the aforesaid recommendation.[2]
The OCA, through its 1st Indorsement dated September 9, 2005, directed the herein respondents to comment on the audit team's recommendations.[3]
In her Comment[4] dated October 10, 2005, Judge Perello opined that "the Audit Team that evaluated these Habeas Corpus cases filed with this Court are probably not lawyers, hence, are not conversant with the Constitution, with jurisprudence, and the Rules on the grant of the Writ of Habeas Corpus and the retroactivity of laws." She insisted that her decisions ordering the release of the prisoners who were serving their sentence for illegal possession of firearms and violation of the Dangerous Drugs Act were in accordance with law and jurisprudence. For those convicted of illegal possession of firearms under the old law (Presidential Decree No. 1866), she applied retroactively the provisions of the amendatory law or R.A. No. 8294,[5] pursuant to Article 22 of the Revised Penal Code which provides for the retroactive application of laws that are favorable to the accused even to those already convicted and serving sentence. Inasmuch as R.A. No. 8294 imposed the penalty of six (6) years only, it was incumbent upon her to grant the writs to those prisoners who have been imprisoned for eight (8) years already. For those convicted for violation of R.A. No. 6425, she applied the said law and not the amendatory law or R.A. No. 9165, otherwise known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, mainly because it aggravated the penalty and is therefore not favorable to them.
To refute the accusations against her, Judge Perello enumerated her credentials and qualifications and alleged that most of her decisions were upheld by the Court attesting to her competence in applying the law. She claimed that in all the petitions she granted, the prisoners therein were all cleared by the National Bureau of Investigation to have no pending cases. The Bureau of Corrections was always directed to produce the records and reason for the confinement of the concerned prisoners. If from the records, the prisoner was found to have already served more than the maximum of the imposable penalty, then she would order the release of the prisoner in open court, without fear or favor. Judge Perello asserted that she had served with utmost dedication and honesty in all her more than 40 years of government service.
For his part, Atty. Luis Bucayon II, Branch Clerk of Court, explained in his Comment[6] that while he failed to present the case folders and records of 22 petitions to the audit team at the time the audit was conducted at their branch, there was an agreement between him and the audit team that the latter could pick up these folders and records before the end of their audit. However, the audit team failed to return to get these case records. He claimed to be baffled as to how his alleged failure to make the records available to the audit team could constitute gross ignorance of the law, grave abuse of discretion and grave misconduct. Atty. Bucayon likewise manifested that he had transferred to the Public Attorney's Office of the Department of Justice as of July 26, 2004 and was issued a clearance by the OCA.
On the other hand, Court Interpreter Paul Resurreccion averred in his Comment[7] that all petitions for habeas corpus have their corresponding Minutes but these were not attached to the records because the Branch Clerk of Court refused to put his remarks and findings thereon. He further claims that he always made it a point to prepare the Minutes and his co-employees could attest to this fact.
Finally, Thelma Mangilit, Cecilio Argame, Maricar Eugenio and Radigunda Laman, all Stenographers of Branch 276, submitted their Joint Comment[8] dated October 12, 2005 and Joint Supplemental Comment[9] dated October 19, 2005. According to them, Branch 276 had the heaviest case load among all the branches in Muntinlupa City. Despite this, they allegedly religiously attended the hearings and transcribed their notes thereafter. With respect to the petitions for habeas corpus, they saw no need to transcribe their stenographic notes as the proceedings therein were non-adversarial in nature. They prioritized those cases which were adversarial and on appeal.
In the Agenda Report[10] dated March 9, 2006, then Court Administrator Presbitero J. Velasco, Jr. submitted the following recommendations:
On August 1, 2007, the Court required the parties to manifest their willingness to submit the case for decision on the basis of the pleadings filed.[13] All the respondents manifested that they were submitting the case for decision.
On November 21, 2007, Justice Molina submitted his report and adopted entirely the recommendations of the Court Administrator.[14]
We agree with the findings of the Court Administrator as adopted by the Investigating Justice, but modify the recommendation in regard to the penalty imposed upon Judge Perello.
It is the contention of Judge Perello that the prisoners she released were all convicted under the old law, R.A. No. 6425, and not under the new law, R.A. No. 9165, otherwise known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 which imposes the penalty of life imprisonment to death regardless of the quantity of the drug involved.[15] She maintains that the provisions of R.A. No. 9165 cannot be given retroactive effect insofar as these prisoners are concerned for the main reason that it would not be favorable to them. Thus, according to Judge Perello, the provisions of R.A. No. 6425, as interpreted in the case of People v. Simon,[16] must be applied to the released prisoners. Citing the Simon case, she insisted that the maximum imposable penalty for violation of R.A. No. 6425 where the quantity involved is 750 grams or less is six (6) months only, which was the reason why she ordered the immediate release of the prisoners because they had already served two (2) years of imprisonment.
While we agree with respondent judge that R.A. No. 9165 cannot be retroactively applied to the prisoners involved in the cases audited, we, however, are not impressed with Judge Perello's justification in granting the writs. Such ratiocination on her part betrays a lack of understanding of the rule on graduation of penalties. Nowhere in the cited case of Simon does it state that the maximum penalty shall be six (6) months where the quantity is less than 750 grams. The Simon case clarified the penalty to be imposed vis-à-vis the quantity of the drug involved, such that prision correccional shall be imposed if the drug is below 250 grams; prision mayor if the quantity is from 250 to 499 grams; and reclusion temporal if the drug is from 500 to 750 grams.[17] The same case likewise declared that while modifying circumstances may be appreciated to determine the periods of the corresponding penalties, or even reduce the penalty by degrees, in no case should such graduation of penalties reduce the imposable penalty beyond or lower than prision correccional.[18]
The penalty of prision correccional is composed of three periods â"€ the minimum which ranges from 6 months and 1 day to 2 years and 4 months, the medium which is from 2 years, 4 months and 1 day to 4 years and 2 months, and the maximum which ranges from 4 years, 2 months and 1 day to 6 years. As found by the audit team, Judge Perello considered only the minimum period of prision correccional in granting the writs for habeas corpus such that when the prisoners had served imprisonment for a period of two (2) years, she immediately ordered their release. This is clearly erroneous because the petition for habeas corpus cannot be granted if the accused has only served the minimum of his sentence as he must serve his sentence up to its maximum term.[19] The maximum range of prision correccional is from 4 years, 2 months and 1 day to 6 years. This is the period which the prisoners must have served before their applications for writs of habeas corpus may be granted.
In obstinately granting the writs of habeas corpus even if the convicted prisoners had only served the minimum period of their sentence, Judge Perello displayed a blatant disregard of the rule on graduation of penalties as well as settled jurisprudence tantamount to gross ignorance of the law. As a trial judge, respondent is the visible representation of law and justice. Under Canon 1.01 of the Code of Judicial Conduct, she is expected to be "the embodiment of competence, integrity and independence." Judges are expected to keep abreast of developments in law and jurisprudence.[20] He should strive for excellence exceeded only by his passion for truth, to the end that he be the personification of justice and the Rule of Law. When the law is sufficiently basic, a judge owes it to his office to simply apply it; anything less than that would be gross ignorance of the law.[21] Judge Perello must thereby have more than a cursory knowledge of the law on graduation of penalties and the imposable penalty for violation of the Dangerous Drugs Act. Indeed, the facts obtaining in this case speak of other dubious circumstances affecting Judge Perello's integrity and competence too glaring to ignore.
Notably, the record shows that Judge Perello granted the writs of habeas corpus even without the pertinent copies of detention and judgment of conviction.[22] This is contrary to the provisions of Section 3(d) of Rule 102 of the Rules of Court, to wit:
Be that as it may, however, we agree with the Court Administrator that there is no merit in the charge of grave misconduct leveled against Judge Perello. For grave misconduct to exist, the judicial act complained of should be corrupt or inspired by an intention to violate the law or a persistent disregard of well-known legal rules.[24] Here, it appears that she was not motivated by any corrupt or vicious motive. As the Court Administrator puts it:
In sum, we find Judge Perello liable for ignorance of the law and jurisprudence and for abuse of discretion. These are serious charges under Section 8, Rule 140 of the Revised Rules of Court. Section 11 of the same Rule provides that any of the following sanctions may be imposed upon Judge Perello:
With regard to Atty. Bucayon's liability, the charges against him all pertained to his duties as Branch Clerk of Court. It must be noted that during the pendency of this administrative case against him, Atty. Bucayon had transferred to the Public Attorney's Office of the Department of Justice on July 26, 2004 and was accordingly issued a clearance by the OCA. Thus, we accept the OCA's recommendation to dismiss the charges against him for being moot.
On the liability of Court Stenographers Mangilit, Argame, Eugenio and Laman, Administrative Circular 24-90[32] imposes upon all court stenographers the duty to transcribe all stenographic notes and to attach the transcripts of such notes to the records of each case not later than twenty (20) days from the time the notes were taken. The records reveal that respondent stenographers failed to transcribe the stenographic notes and attach them to the records of each case. By their own admission, they did not bother to transcribe the notes as the proceedings were non-adversarial in nature. We find this explanation unacceptable considering that the requirement under the Circular applies to all proceedings whether adversarial or not.
For their shortcomings in the transcription of the stenographic notes, respondent stenographers have shown their utter lack of dedication to the functions of their office. As trial court stenographers, they know, or ought to know, that they perform an important role in running the machinery of our trial court system and that transcripts of stenographic notes are vital for the speedy disposition of cases. Their dereliction of duty which may jeopardize public faith and confidence in our judicial system should not be countenanced. We, thus, find respondent stenographers guilty of simple neglect of duty. While said offense carries a penalty of one month and one day to six months suspension under the Uniform Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil Service,[33] we deem it reasonable and sufficient to instead impose a fine of P5,000.00, as recommended by the OCA, considering that it was their first offense. While this Court is duty-bound to sternly wield a corrective hand to discipline its errant employees and to weed out those who are undesirable, this Court also has the discretion to temper the harshness of its judgment with mercy.[34]
Finally, as to Court Interpreter Resurreccion, the record would show that he had been remiss in his duty to prepare the Minutes of the sessions or hearings and attach them to the records of each case. He cannot escape liability by passing on the blame to the Branch Clerk of Court whom he claimed refused to put his remarks on the Minutes. Resurreccion's explanation is too flimsy to excuse him from administrative liability. Among the duties of court interpreters is to prepare and sign "all Minutes of the session."[35] After every session they must prepare the Minutes and attach it. The Minutes is a very important document because it gives a brief summary of the events that took place at the session or hearing of a case. It is in fact a capsulized history of the case at a given session or hearing, for it states the date and time of the session; the names of the judge, clerk of court, court stenographer, and court interpreter who were present; the names of the counsel for the parties who appeared; the party presenting evidence; the names of witnesses who testified; the documentary evidence marked; and the date of the next hearing.[36] Failure to prepare the Minutes and attach them to the records of a case constitutes simple neglect of duty and warrants disciplinary action. Accordingly, Resurreccion is hereby fined the same amount of P5,000.00 as recommended by the OCA.
We take this occasion once more to impress upon all respondents that the conduct of every person connected with the administration of justice, from the presiding judge to the lowest clerk, is circumscribed with a heavy burden of responsibility. A public office is a public trust. Since public officers are accountable to the people at all times, they must strictly perform their duties and responsibilities. As the administration of justice is a sacred task, this Court condemns any omission or act that may diminish the faith of the people in the judiciary.[37]
IN VIEW OF THE FOREGOING, the Court finds Judge Norma C. Perello GUILTY of gross ignorance of the law and abuse of discretion, for which she is meted a fine of P40,000.00 to be deducted from her retirement benefits. Court Stenographers Thelma Mangilit, Cecilio Argame, Maricar Eugenio and Radigunda Laman, and Court Interpreter Paul Resurreccion are found GUILTY of simple neglect of duty, for which they are each meted a fine of P5,000.00, and sternly warned that a repetition of the same shall be dealt with more severely.
For being moot, the charges against Atty. Luis Bucayon II are hereby DISMISSED.
SO ORDERED.
Puno, C.J., Quisumbing, Ynares-Santiago, Carpio, Austria-Martinez, Carpio Morales, Azcuna, Tinga, Reyes, and Brion, JJ., concur.
Corona, J., on leave.
Chico-Nazario, Velasco, Jr., and Nachura, JJ., no part.
[1] Rollo, pp. 3-29.
[2] Id., at 1-2.
[3] Id., at 30-36.
[4] Id., at 106-129.
[5] An Act Amending the Provisions of Presidential Decree No. 1866, As Amended, Entitled "Codifying the Laws on Illegal/Unlawful Possession, Manufacture, Dealing in, Acquisition or Disposition of Firearms, Ammunition or Explosives or Instruments Used in the Manufacture of Firearms, Ammunition or Explosives, and Imposing Stiffer Penalties for Certain Violations Thereof, and for Relevant Purposes." This statute took effect on June 6, 1997.
[6] Rollo, pp. 37-44.
[7] Id., at 130-131.
[8] Id., at 132-136.
[9] Id., at 163-168.
[10] Id., at 280-293.
[11] Id., at 293.
[12] Id., at 316.
[13] Id., at 303.
[14] Id., at 345-353.
[15] Sec. 5. Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and Transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. - The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall sell, trade, administer, dispense, deliver, give away to another, distribute, dispatch in transit or transport any dangerous drug, including any and all species of opium poppy regardless of the quantity and purity involved, or shall act as a broker in any of such transactions. (emphasis supplied)
[16] G.R. No. 93028, July 29, 1994, 234 SCRA 555.
[17] Id., at 573.
[18] Id., at 579.
[19] Rigor v. The Superintendent, New Bilibid Prison, G.R. No. 156983, September 23, 2003, 411 SCRA 646, 651.
[20] Dizon v. Calimag, A.M. No. RTJ-99-1472, September 20, 2001, 365 SCRA 448, 454.
[21] Vicente v. Majaducon, A.M. No. RTJ-02-1698, June 23, 2005, 461 SCRA 12, 22.
[22] Rollo, p. 25.
[23] Hilario v. Ocampo III, A.M. No. MTJ-00-1305, December 3, 2001, 317 SCRA 260, 270-271.
[24] Francisco v. Cosico, A.M. No. CA-04-37, March 16, 2004, 425 SCRA 521, 525.
[25] Rollo, p. 292.
[26] Togononon v. Perello, A.M. No. RTJ-04-1820, June 8, 2005, 459 SCRA 368.
[27] Bellena v. Perello, A.M. No. RTJ-04-1846, January 31, 2005, 450 SCRA 122.
[28] Manzon v. Perello, A.M. No. RTJ-02-1686, May 7, 2004, 428 SCRA 355.
[29] Cua Shuk Yin v. Perello, A.M. No. RTJ-05-1961, November 11, 2005.
[30] Antonino v. Perello, A.M. No. RTJ-08-2110, April 9, 2008.
[31] Rollo, pp. 305-306.
[32] Dated July 12, 1990.
[33] Dated August 31, 1999.
[34] Aquino v. Fernandez, A.M. No. P-01-1475, October 17, 2003, 413 SCRA 597, 607.
[35] 2002 Revised Manual for Clerks of Court.
[36] Bandong v. Ching, A.M. No. P-95-1161, August 23, 1996, 261 SCRA 10, 14.
[37] Susa v. Peña, A.M. No. P-03-1740, September 17, 2003, 411 SCRA 182, 185.
In its Memorandum[1] dated January 25, 2004 and submitted to the OCA, the audit team reported that for the period 1998-2004, a total of 219 petitions for habeas corpus were assigned to Branch 276, the subject matters of which are classified into (a) hospitalization; (b) custody of minors; (c) illegal possession of firearms; and (d) violation of Republic Act (R.A.) No. 6425, otherwise known as the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972. The records for 22 of these cases were not presented to the audit team, while the case folders of about a hundred cases did not contain copies of the decisions of conviction. The audit team also noted a huge disparity in the number of petitions for habeas corpus raffled in Branch 276 as against those raffled in the other branches, which led the team to doubt if the raffle had been conducted with strict regularity considering the fact that Judge Perello was the Executive Judge that time.
The audit team likewise reported several substantive and procedural lapses relative to the disposition of habeas corpus cases in Branch 276, such as (a) failure of the branch clerk of court to present to the audit team the case folders of 22 petitions and to send notices/summons to the Office of the Solicitor General or the Office of the City Prosecutor; (b) lack of return of the writs issued to the officials of the Bureau of Corrections; (c) absence of certificate of detention/confinement from the Bureau of Corrections; (d) absence of copies of the judgment of conviction; (e) failure of the court stenographer to transcribe the stenographic notes and attach the transcript to the records of each case; and (f) failure on the part of the court interpreter to prepare the Minutes of the court sessions or hearings.
Finally, the audit team observed that in some of the petitions for habeas corpus, respondent Judge Perello erred in ordering the release of the prisoners before they have served the full term of their sentence.
Thus, the audit team recommended to the OCA to consider the judicial audit report as an administrative complaint against (a) Judge Perello and Clerk of Court Atty. Luis Bucayon II for gross ignorance of the law, grave abuse of discretion and grave misconduct; and (b) Court Stenographers Thelma Mangilit, Cecilio Argame, Maricar Eugenio and Radigunda Laman, and Court Interpreter Paul Resurreccion for gross inefficiency.
In its Resolution dated March 2, 2005, the Court adopted the aforesaid recommendation.[2]
The OCA, through its 1st Indorsement dated September 9, 2005, directed the herein respondents to comment on the audit team's recommendations.[3]
In her Comment[4] dated October 10, 2005, Judge Perello opined that "the Audit Team that evaluated these Habeas Corpus cases filed with this Court are probably not lawyers, hence, are not conversant with the Constitution, with jurisprudence, and the Rules on the grant of the Writ of Habeas Corpus and the retroactivity of laws." She insisted that her decisions ordering the release of the prisoners who were serving their sentence for illegal possession of firearms and violation of the Dangerous Drugs Act were in accordance with law and jurisprudence. For those convicted of illegal possession of firearms under the old law (Presidential Decree No. 1866), she applied retroactively the provisions of the amendatory law or R.A. No. 8294,[5] pursuant to Article 22 of the Revised Penal Code which provides for the retroactive application of laws that are favorable to the accused even to those already convicted and serving sentence. Inasmuch as R.A. No. 8294 imposed the penalty of six (6) years only, it was incumbent upon her to grant the writs to those prisoners who have been imprisoned for eight (8) years already. For those convicted for violation of R.A. No. 6425, she applied the said law and not the amendatory law or R.A. No. 9165, otherwise known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, mainly because it aggravated the penalty and is therefore not favorable to them.
To refute the accusations against her, Judge Perello enumerated her credentials and qualifications and alleged that most of her decisions were upheld by the Court attesting to her competence in applying the law. She claimed that in all the petitions she granted, the prisoners therein were all cleared by the National Bureau of Investigation to have no pending cases. The Bureau of Corrections was always directed to produce the records and reason for the confinement of the concerned prisoners. If from the records, the prisoner was found to have already served more than the maximum of the imposable penalty, then she would order the release of the prisoner in open court, without fear or favor. Judge Perello asserted that she had served with utmost dedication and honesty in all her more than 40 years of government service.
For his part, Atty. Luis Bucayon II, Branch Clerk of Court, explained in his Comment[6] that while he failed to present the case folders and records of 22 petitions to the audit team at the time the audit was conducted at their branch, there was an agreement between him and the audit team that the latter could pick up these folders and records before the end of their audit. However, the audit team failed to return to get these case records. He claimed to be baffled as to how his alleged failure to make the records available to the audit team could constitute gross ignorance of the law, grave abuse of discretion and grave misconduct. Atty. Bucayon likewise manifested that he had transferred to the Public Attorney's Office of the Department of Justice as of July 26, 2004 and was issued a clearance by the OCA.
On the other hand, Court Interpreter Paul Resurreccion averred in his Comment[7] that all petitions for habeas corpus have their corresponding Minutes but these were not attached to the records because the Branch Clerk of Court refused to put his remarks and findings thereon. He further claims that he always made it a point to prepare the Minutes and his co-employees could attest to this fact.
Finally, Thelma Mangilit, Cecilio Argame, Maricar Eugenio and Radigunda Laman, all Stenographers of Branch 276, submitted their Joint Comment[8] dated October 12, 2005 and Joint Supplemental Comment[9] dated October 19, 2005. According to them, Branch 276 had the heaviest case load among all the branches in Muntinlupa City. Despite this, they allegedly religiously attended the hearings and transcribed their notes thereafter. With respect to the petitions for habeas corpus, they saw no need to transcribe their stenographic notes as the proceedings therein were non-adversarial in nature. They prioritized those cases which were adversarial and on appeal.
In the Agenda Report[10] dated March 9, 2006, then Court Administrator Presbitero J. Velasco, Jr. submitted the following recommendations:
- respondent Judge Norma C. Perello be FOUND GUILTY of GROSS IGNORANCE OF THE LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE and be meted the penalty of SUSPENSION for three (3) months without salary and benefit;
- the complaint against Atty. Luis Bucayon be DISMISSED for being moot and academic;
- respondents Court Stenographers Thelma Mangilit, Cecilio Argame, Maricar Eugenio and Radigunda Laman and respondent Court Interpreter Paul Resurreccion be FOUND GUILTY of SIMPLE NEGLECT OF DUTY and be FINED in the amount of Five Thousand Pesos (P5,000.00).[11]
On August 1, 2007, the Court required the parties to manifest their willingness to submit the case for decision on the basis of the pleadings filed.[13] All the respondents manifested that they were submitting the case for decision.
On November 21, 2007, Justice Molina submitted his report and adopted entirely the recommendations of the Court Administrator.[14]
We agree with the findings of the Court Administrator as adopted by the Investigating Justice, but modify the recommendation in regard to the penalty imposed upon Judge Perello.
It is the contention of Judge Perello that the prisoners she released were all convicted under the old law, R.A. No. 6425, and not under the new law, R.A. No. 9165, otherwise known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 which imposes the penalty of life imprisonment to death regardless of the quantity of the drug involved.[15] She maintains that the provisions of R.A. No. 9165 cannot be given retroactive effect insofar as these prisoners are concerned for the main reason that it would not be favorable to them. Thus, according to Judge Perello, the provisions of R.A. No. 6425, as interpreted in the case of People v. Simon,[16] must be applied to the released prisoners. Citing the Simon case, she insisted that the maximum imposable penalty for violation of R.A. No. 6425 where the quantity involved is 750 grams or less is six (6) months only, which was the reason why she ordered the immediate release of the prisoners because they had already served two (2) years of imprisonment.
While we agree with respondent judge that R.A. No. 9165 cannot be retroactively applied to the prisoners involved in the cases audited, we, however, are not impressed with Judge Perello's justification in granting the writs. Such ratiocination on her part betrays a lack of understanding of the rule on graduation of penalties. Nowhere in the cited case of Simon does it state that the maximum penalty shall be six (6) months where the quantity is less than 750 grams. The Simon case clarified the penalty to be imposed vis-à-vis the quantity of the drug involved, such that prision correccional shall be imposed if the drug is below 250 grams; prision mayor if the quantity is from 250 to 499 grams; and reclusion temporal if the drug is from 500 to 750 grams.[17] The same case likewise declared that while modifying circumstances may be appreciated to determine the periods of the corresponding penalties, or even reduce the penalty by degrees, in no case should such graduation of penalties reduce the imposable penalty beyond or lower than prision correccional.[18]
The penalty of prision correccional is composed of three periods â"€ the minimum which ranges from 6 months and 1 day to 2 years and 4 months, the medium which is from 2 years, 4 months and 1 day to 4 years and 2 months, and the maximum which ranges from 4 years, 2 months and 1 day to 6 years. As found by the audit team, Judge Perello considered only the minimum period of prision correccional in granting the writs for habeas corpus such that when the prisoners had served imprisonment for a period of two (2) years, she immediately ordered their release. This is clearly erroneous because the petition for habeas corpus cannot be granted if the accused has only served the minimum of his sentence as he must serve his sentence up to its maximum term.[19] The maximum range of prision correccional is from 4 years, 2 months and 1 day to 6 years. This is the period which the prisoners must have served before their applications for writs of habeas corpus may be granted.
In obstinately granting the writs of habeas corpus even if the convicted prisoners had only served the minimum period of their sentence, Judge Perello displayed a blatant disregard of the rule on graduation of penalties as well as settled jurisprudence tantamount to gross ignorance of the law. As a trial judge, respondent is the visible representation of law and justice. Under Canon 1.01 of the Code of Judicial Conduct, she is expected to be "the embodiment of competence, integrity and independence." Judges are expected to keep abreast of developments in law and jurisprudence.[20] He should strive for excellence exceeded only by his passion for truth, to the end that he be the personification of justice and the Rule of Law. When the law is sufficiently basic, a judge owes it to his office to simply apply it; anything less than that would be gross ignorance of the law.[21] Judge Perello must thereby have more than a cursory knowledge of the law on graduation of penalties and the imposable penalty for violation of the Dangerous Drugs Act. Indeed, the facts obtaining in this case speak of other dubious circumstances affecting Judge Perello's integrity and competence too glaring to ignore.
Notably, the record shows that Judge Perello granted the writs of habeas corpus even without the pertinent copies of detention and judgment of conviction.[22] This is contrary to the provisions of Section 3(d) of Rule 102 of the Rules of Court, to wit:
Sec. 3. Requisites of application therefor. - Application for the writ shall be by petition signed and verified either by the party for whose relief it is intended, of by some person in his behalf, and shall set forth:The Rules clearly require that a copy of the commitment or cause of detention must accompany the application for the writ of habeas corpus. Obviously, Judge Perello deviated from the guidelines laid down in Section 3(d) of Rule 102 of the Rules of Court. It must be emphasized that rules of procedure have been formulated and promulgated by this Court to ensure the speedy and efficient administration of justice. Failure to abide by these rules undermines the wisdom behind them and diminishes respect for the rule of law. Judges should therefore administer their office with due regard to the integrity of the system of law itself, remembering that they are not depositories of arbitrary power, but judges under the sanction of law.[23] Indeed, Judge Perello's stubborn unwillingness to act in accordance with the rules and settled jurisprudence shows her refusal to reform herself and to correct a wrong, tantamount to grave abuse of discretion.
xxx xxx xxx
(d) A copy of the commitment or cause of detention of such person, if it can be procured without impairing the efficiency of the remedy; xxx.
Be that as it may, however, we agree with the Court Administrator that there is no merit in the charge of grave misconduct leveled against Judge Perello. For grave misconduct to exist, the judicial act complained of should be corrupt or inspired by an intention to violate the law or a persistent disregard of well-known legal rules.[24] Here, it appears that she was not motivated by any corrupt or vicious motive. As the Court Administrator puts it:
xxx. Except for the insinuation that there has been connivance among all court staff in railroading the process of handling these cases, there was no showing that in releasing the petitioners prematurely, respondent was motivated by corrupt motives. On the contrary, respondent vehemently denies this accusation. In her comment, she stated that she protests with pain that she has always been viewed and unjustly condemned as a wrongdoer on an erroneous impression that she had benefited and had reaped riches for doing her job which she did with compassion, fairness and justice as the law and jurisprudence dictates. Indeed, if respondent judge or a court employee should be disciplined for a grave offense, the evidence against him should be competent and derived from direct knowledge. Charges based on mere suspicion should not be given credence.[25]At this juncture, it is worth mentioning that Judge Perello had been previously charged with and found guilty of committing several administrative infractions, namely: (1) gross ignorance of the law for which she was suspended for six (6) months;[26] (2) undue delay in transmitting to the Court of Appeals the records of a case for which she was fined P20,000.00;[27] (3) dereliction of duty for which she was fined P5,000.00;[28] (4) conduct unbecoming a judge for which she was admonished;[29] and most recently (5) grave abuse of discretion, grave abuse of authority, knowingly rendering an unjust judgment, gross ignorance of the law and/or procedure for which she was fined in the amount of P10,000.00.[30] It is therefore evident that Judge Perello had a penchant for committing infractions during her tenure.
In sum, we find Judge Perello liable for ignorance of the law and jurisprudence and for abuse of discretion. These are serious charges under Section 8, Rule 140 of the Revised Rules of Court. Section 11 of the same Rule provides that any of the following sanctions may be imposed upon Judge Perello:
Sec. 11. Sanctions. â"€ A. If the respondent is guilty of a serious charge, any of the following sanctions may be imposed:The OCA imposed the penalty of suspension for three (3) months on Judge Perello. In view, however, of Judge Perello's compulsory retirement[31] which makes suspension impossible to impose, the proper action is to impose a fine on her in the maximum amount of P40,000.00, deductible from her retirement pay.
- Dismissal from the service, forfeiture of all or part of the benefits as the Court may determine, and disqualification from reinstatement or appointment to any public office, including government-owned and controlled corporations. Provided, however, that forfeiture of benefits shall in no case include accrued leave credits;
- Suspension from office without salary and other benefits for more than three (3) but not exceeding six (6) months; or
- A fine of more than P20,000.00 but not exceeding P40,000.00.
With regard to Atty. Bucayon's liability, the charges against him all pertained to his duties as Branch Clerk of Court. It must be noted that during the pendency of this administrative case against him, Atty. Bucayon had transferred to the Public Attorney's Office of the Department of Justice on July 26, 2004 and was accordingly issued a clearance by the OCA. Thus, we accept the OCA's recommendation to dismiss the charges against him for being moot.
On the liability of Court Stenographers Mangilit, Argame, Eugenio and Laman, Administrative Circular 24-90[32] imposes upon all court stenographers the duty to transcribe all stenographic notes and to attach the transcripts of such notes to the records of each case not later than twenty (20) days from the time the notes were taken. The records reveal that respondent stenographers failed to transcribe the stenographic notes and attach them to the records of each case. By their own admission, they did not bother to transcribe the notes as the proceedings were non-adversarial in nature. We find this explanation unacceptable considering that the requirement under the Circular applies to all proceedings whether adversarial or not.
For their shortcomings in the transcription of the stenographic notes, respondent stenographers have shown their utter lack of dedication to the functions of their office. As trial court stenographers, they know, or ought to know, that they perform an important role in running the machinery of our trial court system and that transcripts of stenographic notes are vital for the speedy disposition of cases. Their dereliction of duty which may jeopardize public faith and confidence in our judicial system should not be countenanced. We, thus, find respondent stenographers guilty of simple neglect of duty. While said offense carries a penalty of one month and one day to six months suspension under the Uniform Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil Service,[33] we deem it reasonable and sufficient to instead impose a fine of P5,000.00, as recommended by the OCA, considering that it was their first offense. While this Court is duty-bound to sternly wield a corrective hand to discipline its errant employees and to weed out those who are undesirable, this Court also has the discretion to temper the harshness of its judgment with mercy.[34]
Finally, as to Court Interpreter Resurreccion, the record would show that he had been remiss in his duty to prepare the Minutes of the sessions or hearings and attach them to the records of each case. He cannot escape liability by passing on the blame to the Branch Clerk of Court whom he claimed refused to put his remarks on the Minutes. Resurreccion's explanation is too flimsy to excuse him from administrative liability. Among the duties of court interpreters is to prepare and sign "all Minutes of the session."[35] After every session they must prepare the Minutes and attach it. The Minutes is a very important document because it gives a brief summary of the events that took place at the session or hearing of a case. It is in fact a capsulized history of the case at a given session or hearing, for it states the date and time of the session; the names of the judge, clerk of court, court stenographer, and court interpreter who were present; the names of the counsel for the parties who appeared; the party presenting evidence; the names of witnesses who testified; the documentary evidence marked; and the date of the next hearing.[36] Failure to prepare the Minutes and attach them to the records of a case constitutes simple neglect of duty and warrants disciplinary action. Accordingly, Resurreccion is hereby fined the same amount of P5,000.00 as recommended by the OCA.
We take this occasion once more to impress upon all respondents that the conduct of every person connected with the administration of justice, from the presiding judge to the lowest clerk, is circumscribed with a heavy burden of responsibility. A public office is a public trust. Since public officers are accountable to the people at all times, they must strictly perform their duties and responsibilities. As the administration of justice is a sacred task, this Court condemns any omission or act that may diminish the faith of the people in the judiciary.[37]
IN VIEW OF THE FOREGOING, the Court finds Judge Norma C. Perello GUILTY of gross ignorance of the law and abuse of discretion, for which she is meted a fine of P40,000.00 to be deducted from her retirement benefits. Court Stenographers Thelma Mangilit, Cecilio Argame, Maricar Eugenio and Radigunda Laman, and Court Interpreter Paul Resurreccion are found GUILTY of simple neglect of duty, for which they are each meted a fine of P5,000.00, and sternly warned that a repetition of the same shall be dealt with more severely.
For being moot, the charges against Atty. Luis Bucayon II are hereby DISMISSED.
SO ORDERED.
Puno, C.J., Quisumbing, Ynares-Santiago, Carpio, Austria-Martinez, Carpio Morales, Azcuna, Tinga, Reyes, and Brion, JJ., concur.
Corona, J., on leave.
Chico-Nazario, Velasco, Jr., and Nachura, JJ., no part.
[1] Rollo, pp. 3-29.
[2] Id., at 1-2.
[3] Id., at 30-36.
[4] Id., at 106-129.
[5] An Act Amending the Provisions of Presidential Decree No. 1866, As Amended, Entitled "Codifying the Laws on Illegal/Unlawful Possession, Manufacture, Dealing in, Acquisition or Disposition of Firearms, Ammunition or Explosives or Instruments Used in the Manufacture of Firearms, Ammunition or Explosives, and Imposing Stiffer Penalties for Certain Violations Thereof, and for Relevant Purposes." This statute took effect on June 6, 1997.
[6] Rollo, pp. 37-44.
[7] Id., at 130-131.
[8] Id., at 132-136.
[9] Id., at 163-168.
[10] Id., at 280-293.
[11] Id., at 293.
[12] Id., at 316.
[13] Id., at 303.
[14] Id., at 345-353.
[15] Sec. 5. Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and Transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. - The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall sell, trade, administer, dispense, deliver, give away to another, distribute, dispatch in transit or transport any dangerous drug, including any and all species of opium poppy regardless of the quantity and purity involved, or shall act as a broker in any of such transactions. (emphasis supplied)
[16] G.R. No. 93028, July 29, 1994, 234 SCRA 555.
[17] Id., at 573.
[18] Id., at 579.
[19] Rigor v. The Superintendent, New Bilibid Prison, G.R. No. 156983, September 23, 2003, 411 SCRA 646, 651.
[20] Dizon v. Calimag, A.M. No. RTJ-99-1472, September 20, 2001, 365 SCRA 448, 454.
[21] Vicente v. Majaducon, A.M. No. RTJ-02-1698, June 23, 2005, 461 SCRA 12, 22.
[22] Rollo, p. 25.
[23] Hilario v. Ocampo III, A.M. No. MTJ-00-1305, December 3, 2001, 317 SCRA 260, 270-271.
[24] Francisco v. Cosico, A.M. No. CA-04-37, March 16, 2004, 425 SCRA 521, 525.
[25] Rollo, p. 292.
[26] Togononon v. Perello, A.M. No. RTJ-04-1820, June 8, 2005, 459 SCRA 368.
[27] Bellena v. Perello, A.M. No. RTJ-04-1846, January 31, 2005, 450 SCRA 122.
[28] Manzon v. Perello, A.M. No. RTJ-02-1686, May 7, 2004, 428 SCRA 355.
[29] Cua Shuk Yin v. Perello, A.M. No. RTJ-05-1961, November 11, 2005.
[30] Antonino v. Perello, A.M. No. RTJ-08-2110, April 9, 2008.
[31] Rollo, pp. 305-306.
[32] Dated July 12, 1990.
[33] Dated August 31, 1999.
[34] Aquino v. Fernandez, A.M. No. P-01-1475, October 17, 2003, 413 SCRA 597, 607.
[35] 2002 Revised Manual for Clerks of Court.
[36] Bandong v. Ching, A.M. No. P-95-1161, August 23, 1996, 261 SCRA 10, 14.
[37] Susa v. Peña, A.M. No. P-03-1740, September 17, 2003, 411 SCRA 182, 185.