1. Should commit an offense while on a Philippine ship or airship.
   
   
2. Should forge or counterfeit any coin or currency note of the Philippine Islands or obligations and securities issued by the Government of the Philippine Islands.
   
   
3. Should be liable for acts connected with the introduction into these Islands of the obligations and securities mentioned in the preceding number.
   
   
4. While being public officers or employees, should commit an offense in the exercise of their functions; or
   
   

1. By any person committing a felony (delito) although the wrongful act done be different from that which he intended.
   
   
2. By any person performing an act which would be an offense against persons or property, were it not for the inherent impossibility of its accomplishment or on account of the employment of inadequate or ineffectual means.
   

1. Anyone who acts in defense of his person or rights, provided that the following circumstances concur:
   
   
First. Unlawful aggression;

Second. Reasonable necessity of the means employed to prevent or repel it;

Third. Lack of sufficient provocation on the part of the person defending himself.


2. Anyone who acts in defense of the person or rights of his spouse, ascendants, descendants, or legitimate, natural or adopted brothers or sisters, or of his relatives by affinity in the same degrees, and those by consanguinity within the fourth civil degree, provided that the first and second requisites prescribed in the next preceding circumstance are present, and the further requisite, in case the provocation was given by the person attacked, that the one making defense had no part therein.
   
   

1. An imbecile or an insane person, unless the latter has acted during a lucid interval.

When the imbecile or an insane person has committed an act which the law defines as a felony (delito), the court shall order his confinement in one of the hospitals or asylums established for persons thus afflicted, which he shall not be permitted to leave without first obtaining the permission of the same court.


2. A person under nine years of age.
   
   

1. Those mentioned in the preceding chapter, when all the requisites necessary to justify the act or to exempt from criminal liability in the respective cases are not attendant.
   
   

1. That advantage be taken by the offender of his public position.
   
   
2. That the crime be committed in contempt of or with insult to the public authorities.
   
   
3. That the act be committed with insult or in disregard of the respect due the offended party on account of his rank, age, or sex, or that it be committed in the dwelling of the offended party, if the latter has not given provocation.
   
   
4. That the act be committed with abuse of confidence or obvious ungratefulness.
   
   
5. That the crime be committed in the palace of the Chief Executive, or in his presence, or where public authorities are engaged in the discharge of their duties, or in a place dedicated to religious worship.
   
   
6. That the crime be committed in the night time, or in an uninhabited place, or by a band, whenever such circumstances may facilitate the commission of the offense.
   
   
Whenever more than three armed malefactors shall have acted together in the commission of an offense it shall be deemed to have been committed by a band.


7. That the crime be committed on the occasion of a conflagration, shipwreck, earthquake, epidemic or other calamity or misfortune.
   
   
8. That the crime be committed with the aid of armed men or persons who insure or afford impunity.
   
   
9. That the accused is a recidivist.
   
   

1. Principals.
   
   
2. Accomplices.
   
   
3. Accessories.
   

1. Principals.
   
   
2. Accomplices.
   

1. Those who take a direct part in the execution of the act;
   
   
2. Those who directly force or induce others to commit it;
   
   
3. Those who cooperate in the commission of the offense by another act without which it would not have been accomplished.
   

1. By profiting themselves or assisting the offenders to profit by the effects of the crime.
   
   
2. By concealing or destroying the body of the crime, or the effects or instruments thereof, in order to prevent its discovery.
   
   
3. By harboring, concealing, or assisting in the escape of the principal of the crime, provided the accessory acts with abuse of his public functions or Whenever the author of the crime is guilty of treason, parricide, murder, or an attempt to take the life of the Chief Executive, or is known to be habitually guilty of some other crime.
   

1. The arrest and temporary detention of accused persons, as well as their detention by reason of insanity or imbecility, or illness requiring their confinement in a hospital.
   
   

1. When they are recidivists, or have been convicted previously twice or more times of any crime;
   
   
2. When upon being summoned for the execution of their sentence they have failed to surrender voluntarily;
   
   
3. When they have been convicted of robbery, theft, estafa, malversation of public funds, falsification, vagrancy, or prostitution.
   

1. The deprivation of the public offices and employments which the offender may have held, even if conferred by popular election.
   
   
2. The deprivation of the right to vote in any election for any popular elective office or to be elected to such office.
   
   
3. The disqualification for the offices or public employment and for the exercise of any of the rights mentioned.
   

1. The deprivation of the office, employment, profession or calling affected;
   
   
2. The disqualification for holding similar offices or employments either perpetually or during the term of the sentence, according to the extent of such disqualification.
   

1. The reparation of the damage caused.
   
   
2. Indemnification of consequential damages.
   
   
3. The fine.
   
   
4. The costs of the proceedings.
   

1. If the principal penalty imposed be prision correccional or arresto and fine, he shall remain under confinement until his fine and pecuniary liabilities referred in the preceding paragraph are satisfied, but his subsidiary imprisonment shall not exceed one-third of the term of the sentence, and in no case shall it continue for more than one year, and no fraction or part of a day shall be counted against the prisoner.
   
   
2. When the principal penalty imposed be only a fine, the subsidiary imprisonment shall not exceed six months, if the culprit shall have been prosecuted for a grave or less grave felony, and shall not exceed fifteen days, if for a light felony.
   
   
3. When the principal penalty imposed is higher than prision correccional no subsidiary imprisonment shall be imposed upon the culprit.
   
   
4. If the principal penalty imposed is not to be executed by confinement in a penal institution, but such penalty is of fixed duration, the convict, during the period of time established in the preceding rules, shall continue to suffer the same deprivations as those of which the principal penalty consists.
   
   
5. The subsidiary personal liability which the convict may have suffered by reason of his insolvency shall not relieve him from reparation of the damage caused, nor from indemnification for the consequential damages in case his financial circumstances should improve; but he shall be relieved from pecuniary liability as to the fine.
   

1. When the guilty person be more than seventy years of age.
   
   
2. When upon appeal or revision of the case by the Supreme Court, all the members thereof are not unanimous in their voting as to the propriety of the imposition of the death penalty. For the imposition of said penalty or for the confirmation of a judgment of the inferior court imposing the death sentence, the Supreme Court shall render its decision per curiam, which shall be signed by all justices of said court, unless some member or members thereof shall have become disqualified from taking part in the consideration of the case, in which event the unanimous vote and signature of only the remaining justices shall be required.
   

1. If the penalty prescribed for the felony committed be higher than that corresponding to the offense which the accused intended to commit, the penalty corresponding to the latter shall be imposed in its maximum period.
   
   
2. If the penalty prescribed for the felony committed be lower than that corresponding to the one which the accused intended to commit, the penalty for the former shall be imposed in its maximum period.
   
   
3. The rule established by the next preceding paragraph shall not be applicable if the acts committed by the guilty person shall also constitute an attempt or frustration of another crime, if the law prescribes a higher penalty for either of the latter offenses, in which case the penalty provided for the attempt or the frustrated crime shall be imposed in its maximum period.
   

1. Aggravating circumstances which in themselves constitute a crime specially punishable by law or which are included by the law in defining a crime and prescribing the penalty therefor shall not be taken into account for the purpose of increasing the penalty.
   
   
2. The same rule shall apply with respect to any aggravating circumstance inherent in the crime to such a degree that it must of necessity accompany the commission thereof.
   
   
3. Aggravating or mitigating circumstances which arise from the moral attributes of the offender, or from his private relations with the offended party, or from any other personal cause, shall only serve to aggravate or mitigate the liability of the principals, accomplices and accessories as to whom such circumstances are attendant.
   
   
4. The circumstances which consist in the material execution of the act, or in the means employed to accomplish it, shall serve to aggravate or mitigate the liability of those persons only who had knowledge of them at the time of the execution of the act or their cooperation therein.
   
   
5. Habitual delinquency shall have the following effects:
   
   
   1. Upon a third conviction the culprit shall be sentenced to the penalty provided by law for the last crime of which he be found guilty and to the additional penalty of prision correccional in its medium and maximum periods;
      
      
   2. Upon a fourth conviction the culprit shall be sentenced to the penalty provided for the last crime of which he be found guilty and to the additional penalty of prision mayor in its minimum and medium periods; and
      
      
   3. Upon a fifth or additional conviction, the culprit shall be sentenced to the penalty provided for the last crime of which he be found guilty and to the additional penalty of prision mayor in its maximum period to reclusion temporal in its minimum period.
      

1. When in the commission of the deed there is present only one aggravating circumstance, the greater penalty shall be applied.
   
   
2. When there are neither mitigating nor aggravating circumstances in the commission of the deed, the lesser penalty shall be applied.
   
   
3. When the commission of the act is attended by some mitigating circumstance and there is no aggravating circumstance, the lesser penalty shall be applied.
   
   
4. When both mitigating and aggravating circumstances attended the commission of the act, the courts shall reasonably allow them to offset one another in consideration of their number and importance, for the purpose of applying the penalty in accordance with the preceding rules, according to the result of such compensation.
   

1. When there are neither aggravating nor mitigating circumstances, they shall impose the penalty prescribed by law in its medium period.
   
   
2. When only a mitigating circumstance is present in the commission of the act, they shall impose the penalty in its minimum period.
   
   
3. When only an aggravating circumstance is present in the commission of the act, they shall impose the penalty in its maximum period.
   
   
4. When both mitigating and aggravating circumstances are present, the court shall reasonably offset those of one class against the other according to their relative weight.
   
   
5. When there are two or more mitigating circumstances and no aggravating circumstances are present, the court shall impose the penalty next lower to that prescribed by law, in the period that it may deem applicable, according to the number and nature of such circumstances.
   
   
6. Whatever may be the number and nature of the aggravating circumstances, the courts shall not impose a greater penalty than that prescribed by law, in its maximum period.
   
   
7. Within the limits of each period, the courts shall determine the extent of the penalty according to the number and nature of the aggravating and mitigating circumstances and the greater or lesser extent of the evil produced by the crime.
   

1. Upon a person under fifteen but over nine years of age, who is not exempted from liability by reason of the court having declared that he acted with discernment, a discretionary penalty shall be imposed, but always lower by two degrees at least than that prescribed by law for the crime which he committed.
   
   
2. Upon a person over fifteen and under eighteen years of age the penalty next lower than that prescribed by law shall be imposed, but always in the proper period.
   

1. Death.
   
   
2. Reclusion perpetua.
   
   
3. Reclusion temporal.
   
   
4. Prision mayor.
   
   
5. Prision correctional.
   
   
6. Arresto mayor.
   
   
7. Arresto menor.
   

TABLE SHOWING THE DURATION OF DIVISIBLE PENALTIES AND THE TIME INCLUDED IN EACH OF THEIR PERIODS
Penalties	Time included in the penalty in its entirety	Time included in its minimum period	Time included in its medium period	Time included in its maximum period
Reclusion temporal	From 12 years and 1 day to 20 years.	From 12 years and 1 day to 14 years and 8 months.	From 14 years, 8 months and 1 day to 17 years and 4 months	From 17 years, 4 months and 1 day to 20 years.
Prision mayor, absolute disqualification and special temporary disqualification.	From 6 years and 1 From 6 years and day to 12 years.	From 6 years and 1 day to 8 years.	From 8 years and 1 day to 10 years.	From 10 years and 1 day to 12 years.
Prision correccional, suspension and destierro	From 6 months and 1 day to 6 years.	From 6 months and 1 day to 2 years and 4 months.	From 2 years, 4 months and 1 day to 4 years and 2 months.	From 4 years, 2 months and 1 day to 6 years.
Arresto mayor	From 1 month and 1 day to 6 months.	From 1 to 2 months.	From 2 months and 1 day to 4 months.	From 4 months and 1 day to 6 months.
Arresto menor	From 1 to 30 days.	From 1 to 10 days.	From 11 to 20 days.	From 21 to 30 days.

1. By the death of the convict, as to the personal penalties; and as to pecuniary penalties, liability therefor is extinguished only when the death of the offender occurs before final judgment.
   
   
2. By service of the sentence.
   
   
3. By amnesty, which completely extinguishes the penalty and all its effects.
   
   
4. By absolute pardon.
   
   
5. By prescription of the crime.
   
   
6. By prescription of the penalty.
   
   

1. Death and reclusion perpetua, in twenty years;
   
   
2. Other afflictive penalties, in fifteen years;
   
   
3. Correctional penalties, in ten years; with the exception of the penalty of arresto mayor, which prescribes in five years;
   
   
4. Light penalties, in one year.
   

1. By conditional pardon;
   
   
2. By commutation of the sentence; and
   
   
3. For good conduct allowances which the culprit may earn while he is serving his sentence.
   

1. During the first two years of his imprisonment he shall be allowed a deduction of five days for each month of good behavior;
   
   
2. During the third to the fifth year, inclusive, of his imprisonment, he shall be allowed a deduction of eight days for each month of good behavior;
   
   
3. During the following years until the tenth year, inclusive, of his imprisonment, he shall be allowed a deduction of ten days for each month of good behavior; and
   
   
4. During the eleventh and successive years of his imprisonment, he shall be allowed a deduction of fifteen days for each month of good behavior.
   

1. Restitution;
   
   
2. Reparation of the damage caused;
   
   
3. Indemnification for consequential damages.
   

1. Without authority therefor, enter a warship, fort or naval or military establishment or reservation to obtain any information, plans, photographs or other data of a confidential nature relative to the defence of the Philippine Archipelago; or
   
   
2. Being in possession, by reason of the public office he holds, of the articles, data or information referred to in the preceding paragraph, discloses their contents to a representative of a foreign nation.
   

1. By prision correccional, if the correspondence has been prohibited by the Government;
   
   
2. By prision mayor, if such correspondence be carried on in ciphers or conventional signs; and
   
   
3. By reclusion temporal, if notice or information be given thereby which might be useful to the enemy. If the offender intended to aid the enemy by giving such notice or information he shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal to death.
   

1. Whenever they have seized a vessel by boarding or firing upon the same;
   
   
2. Whenever the pirates have abandoned their victims without means of saving themselves; or
   
   
3. Whenever the crime is accompanied by murder, homicide, physical injuries, or rape.
   

1. The penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision correccional in its minimum period, if the detention has not exceeded three days;
   
   
2. The penalty of prision correccional in its medium and maximum periods, if the detention has continued more than three but not more than fifteen days;
   
   
3. The penalty of prision mayor, if the detention has continued for more than fifteen days but not more than six months; and
   
   
4. That of reclusion temporal, if the detention shall have exceeded six months.
   

1. To prevent the promulgation or execution of any law or the holding of any popular election;
   
   
2. To prevent the Insular Government, or any provincial or municipal government or any public officer thereof from freely exercising its or his functions, or prevent the execution of any administrative order;
   
   
3. To inflict any act of hate or revenge upon the person or property of any public officer or employee;
   
   
4. To commit, for any political or social end, any act of hate or revenge against private persons or any social class; and
   
   
5. To despoil, for any political or social end, any person, municipality or province, or the Insular Government or the Government of the United States, of all its property or any part thereof.
   

1. Any person who by means of printing, lithography, or any other means of publication, shall maliciously publish as news any false news which may endanger the public order or cause damage to the interest or credit of the State;
   
   
2. Any person who by the same means, shall encourage disobedience to the law or to the constituted authorities or praise, justify or extol any act punished by law;
   
   
3. Any person who shall maliciously publish any official resolution or document without proper authority, or before they have been published officially; or
   
   
4. Any person who shall print or publish books, pamphlets, periodicals, or leaflets which do not bear the real printer's name.

1. Any person who within any town or public place, shall discharge any firearm, rocket, firecracker, or other explosive calculated to cause alarm or danger;
   
   
2. Any person who shall instigate or take an active part in any charivari or other disorderly meeting offensive to another or prejudicial to public tranquility;
   
   
3. Any person who, while wandering about at night or while engaged in any other nocturnal amusements, shall disturb the public peace; or
   
   

1. Prision mayor in its minimum and medium periods and a fine not to exceed 10,000 pesos, if the counterfeited coin be gold or silver coin of the United States or of the Philippine Islands.
   
   
2. Prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods and a fine not to exceed 2,000 pesos, if the counterfeited coin be any of the minor coinage of the United States or of the Philippine Islands.
   
   
3. Prision correccional in its minimum period and a fine not to exceed 1,000 pesos, if the counterfeited coin be currency of a foreign country.
   

1. By reclusion temporal in its minimum period and a fine not to exceed 10,000 pesos, if the document which has been falsified, counterfeited, or altered is an obligation or security of the United States or of the Philippine Islands.
   
   The words "obligation or security of the United States or of the Philippine Islands" shall be held to mean all bonds, certificates of indebtedness, national bank notes, coupons, United States or Philippine Islands notes, treasury notes, fractional notes, certificates of deposit, bills, checks, or drafts for money, drawn by or upon authorized officers of the United States or of the Philippine Islands, and other representatives of value, of whatever denomination, which have been or may be issued under any act of the Congress of the United States or the Philippine Legislature.
   
   
2. By prision mayor in its maximum period and a fine not to exceed 5,000 pesos, if the falsified or altered document is a circulating note issued by any banking association duly authorized by law to issue the same.
   
   
3. By prision mayor in its medium period and a fine not to exceed 5,000 pesos, if the falsified or counterfeited document was issued by a foreign government.
   
   
4. By prision mayor in its minimum period and a fine not to exceed 2,000 pesos, when the forged or altered document is a circulating note or bill issued by a foreign bank duly authorized therefor.

1. By giving to a treasury or bank note or any instrument payable to bearer or to order mentioned therein, the appearance of a true and genuine document.
   
   
2. By erasing, substituting, counterfeiting or altering by any means the figures, letters, words or signs contained therein.

1. Counterfeiting or imitating any handwriting, signature or rubric;
   
   
2. Causing it to appear that persons have participated in any act or proceeding when they did not in fact so participate;
   
   
3. Attributing to persons who have participated in an act or proceeding statements other than those in fact made by them;
   
   
4. Making untruthful statements in a narration of facts;
   
   
5. Altering true dates;
   
   
6. Making any alteration or intercalation in a genuine document which changes its meaning;
   
   
7. Issuing in authenticated form a document purporting to be a copy of an original document when no such original exists, or including in such copy a statement contrary to, or different from, that of the genuine original; or
   
   
8. Intercalating any instrument or note relative to the issuance thereof in a protocol, registry, or official book.
   

1. Any physician or surgeon who, in connection with the practice of his profession, shall issue a false certificate; and
   
   
2. Any public officer who shall issue a false certificate of merit or service, good conduct or similar circumstances.
   

1. The penalty of reclusion temporal, if the defendant in said case shall have been sentenced to death;
   
   
2. The penalty of prision mayor, if the defendant shall have been sentenced to reclusion temporal or perpetua;
   
   
3. The penalty of prision correccional, if the defendant shall have been sentenced to any other afflictive penalty; and
   
   
4. The penalty of arresto mayor, if the defendant shall have been sentenced to a correctional penalty or a fine, or shall have been acquitted.
   

1. Any person who shall enter into any contract or agreement or shall take part in any conspiracy or combination in the form of a trust or otherwise, in restraint of trade or commerce or to prevent by artificial means free competition in the market;
   
   
2. Any person who shall monopolize any merchandise or object of trade or commerce, or shall combine with any other person or persons to monopolize said merchandise or object in order to alter the prices thereof by spreading false rumors or making use of any other artifice to restrain free competition in the market;
   
   

1. Anyone who, unless lawfully authorized shall possess, prepare, administer or otherwise use any prohibited drug.
   
   "Prohibited drug," as used herein, includes opium, cocaine, alfa and beta eucaine, their derivatives, and all preparations made from them or any of them.
   
   "Opium" embraces every kind, class, and character of opium, whether crude or prepared; the ashes or refuse of the same; narcotic preparations thereof or therefrom; morphine or alkaloid of opium; preparations in which opium, morphine or alkaloid of opium, enter as an ingredient, and also opium leaves or wrappings of opium leaves, whether prepared or not, for their use.
   
   
2. Anyone who shall maintain a dive or resort where any prohibited drug is used in any form, in violation of the law.
   

1. Anyone who shall act as keeper or watchman of a dive or resort where any prohibited drug is used in any manner contrary to law; and
   
   
2. Any person who, not being included in the provisions of the next preceding article, shall knowingly visit any dive or resort of the character referred to above.
   

1. Any person who, in any manner, shall directly or indirectly take part in any game of monte, jueteng or any other form of lottery, policy, banking or percentage game, dog races or any other game or scheme the result of which depends wholly or chiefly upon chance or hazard; or wherein wagers consisting of money, articles of value or representative of value are made; or in the exploitation or use of any other mechanical invention or contrivance to determine by chance the loser or winner of money or any object or representative of value.
   
   

1. Any person who directly or indirectly participates in cockfights, by betting money or other valuable things, or who organizes cockfights at which bets are made, on a day other than those permitted by law.
   
   
2. Any person who directly or indirectly participates in cockfights, by betting money or other valuable things, or organizes such cockfights, at a place other than a licensed cockpit.
   

1. Those who shall publicly expound or proclaim doctrines openly contrary to public morals;
   
   
2. The authors of obscene literature, published with their knowledge in any form, and the editors publishing such literature;
   
   
3. Those who in theaters, fairs, cinematographs or any other place open to public view, shall exhibit indecent or immoral plays, scenes, acts or shows; and
   
   
4. Those who shall sell, give away or exhibit prints, engravings, sculptures or literature which are offensive to morals.
   

1. Any person having no apparent means of subsistence, who has the physical ability to work and who neglects to apply himself or herself to some lawful calling;
   
   
2. Any person found loitering about public or semi-public buildings or places or tramping or wandering about the country or the streets without visible means of support;
   
   
3. Any idle or dissolute person who lodges in houses of ill-fame; ruffians or pimps and those who habitually associate with prostitutes;
   
   
4. Any person who, not being included in the provisions of other articles of this Code, shall be found loitering in any inhabited or uninhabited place belonging to another without any lawful or justifiable purpose;
   
   
5. Prostitutes.

1. In his official capacity, in dealing with any person with regard to furnishing supplies, the making of contracts, or the adjustment or settlement of accounts relating to public property or funds, shall enter into an agreement with any interested party or speculator or make use of any other scheme, to defraud the Government;
   
   
2. Being entrusted with the collection of taxes, licenses, fees and other imposts, shall be guilty of any of the following acts or omissions:
   
   
   1. Demanding, directly or indirectly, the payment of sums different from or larger than those authorized by law.
      
      
   2. Failing voluntarily to issue a receipt, as provided by law, for any sum of money collected by him officially.
      
      
   3. Collecting or receiving, directly or indirectly, by way of payment or otherwise, things or objects of a nature different from that provided by law.
      

1. The penalty of prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods, if the amount involved in the misappropriation or malversation does not exceed 200 pesos.
   
   
2. The penalty of prision correccional in its maximum period to prision mayor in its minimum period, if the amount involved is more than 200 pesos but does not exceed 6,000 pesos.
   
   
3. The penalty of prision mayor in its medium and maximum periods, if the amount involved is more than 6,000 pesos but is less than 12,000 pesos.
   
   
4. The penalty of reclusion temporal in its minimum and medium periods, if the amount involved is more than 12,000 pesos but is less than 22,000 pesos. If the amount exceeds the latter, the penalty shall be reclusion temporal in its medium and maximum periods.
   

1. By prision correccional in its medium and maximum periods and temporary special disqualification in its maximum period to perpetual special disqualification, if the fugitive shall have been sentenced by final judgment to any penalty.
   
   
2. By prision correccional in its minimum period and temporary special disqualification, in case the fugitive shall not have been finally convicted but only held as a detention prisoner for any crime or violation of law or municipal ordinance.
   

1. The penalty of prision mayor and a fine not exceeding 1,000 pesos, whenever serious damage shall have been caused thereby to a third party or to the public interest.
   
   
2. The penalty of prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods and a fine not exceeding 1,000 pesos, whenever the damage caused to a third party or to the public interest shall not have been serious.
   

1. Upon any public officer who shall solicit or make immoral or indecent advances to a woman interested in matters pending before such officer for decision, or with respect to which he is required to submit a report to or consult with a superior officer;
   
   
2. Any warden or other public officer directly charged with the care and custody of prisoners or persons under arrest who shall solicit or make immoral or indecent advances to a woman under his custody.
   

1. With treachery, taking advantage of superior strength, with the aid of armed men, or employing means to weaken the defense or of means or persons to insure or afford impunity.
   
   
2. In consideration of a price, reward or promise.
   
   
3. By means of inundation, fire, poison, explosion, shipwreck, stranding of a vessel, derailment or assault upon a street car or locomotive, fall of an airship, by means of motor vehicles, or with the use of any other means involving great waste and ruin.
   
   
4. On occasion of any of the calamities enumerated in the preceding paragraph, or of an earthquake, eruption of a volcano, destructive cyclone, epidemic, or any other public calamity.
   
   
5. With evident premeditation.
   
   
6. With cruelty, by deliberately and inhumanly augmenting the suffering of the victim, or outraging or scoffing at his person or corpse.
   

1. The penalty of reclusion temporal, if he shall use any violence upon the person of the pregnant woman.
   
   
2. The penalty of prision mayor if, without using violence, he shall act without the consent of the woman.
   
   
3. The penalty of prision correccional in its medium and maximum periods, if the woman shall have consented.
   

1. The penalty of prision mayor, if in consequence of the physical injuries inflicted, the injured person shall become insane, imbecile, impotent, or blind;
   
   
2. The penalty of prision correccional in its medium and maximum periods, if in consequence of the physical injuries inflicted, the person injured shall have lost the use of speech or the power to hear or to smell, or shall have lost an eye, a hand, a foot, an arm, or a leg or shall have lost the use of any such member, or shall have become incapacitated for the work in which he was theretofore habitually engaged;
   
   
3. The penalty of prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods, if in consequence of the physical injuries inflicted, the person injured shall have become deformed, or shall have lost any other part of his body, or shall have lost the use thereof, or shall have been ill or incapacitated for the performance of the work in which he was habitually engaged for a period of more than ninety days;
   
   
4. The penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision correccional in its minimum period, if the physical injuries inflicted shall have caused the illness or incapacity for labor of the injured person for more than thirty days.
   

1. By arresto menor when the offender has inflicted physical injuries which shall incapacitate the offended party for labor from one to nine days, or shall require medical attendance during the same period.
   
   
2. By arresto menor or a fine not exceeding 200 pesos and censure when the offender has caused physical injuries which do not prevent the offended party from engaging in his habitual work nor require medical attendance.
   
   
3. By arresto menor in its minimum period or a fine not exceeding 50 pesos when the offender shall illtreat another by deed without causing any injury.
   

1. If the locking up or detention shall have lasted more than twenty days.
   
   
2. If it shall have been committed simulating public authority.
   
   
3. If any serious physical injuries shall have been inflicted upon the person locked up or detained, or if threats to kill him shall have been made.
   

1. Anyone who shall kidnap a child under seven years for the purpose of permanently separating said child from his parents or guardians or the persons charged with his custody.
   
   
2. Any person who, being entrusted with the custody of a minor person, shall deliberately fail to restore the latter to his parents or guardians.
   

1. Anyone who shall fail to render assistance to any person whom he shall find in an uninhabited place wounded or in danger of dying, when he can render such assistance without detriment to himself, unless such omission shall constitute a more serious offense.
   
   
2. Anyone who shall fail to help or render assistance to another whom he has accidentally wounded or injured.
   
   
3. Anyone who, having found an abandoned child under seven years of age, shall fail to deliver said child to the authorities or to his family, or shall fail to take him to a safe place.

1. Any person who shall cause any boy or girl under sixteen years of age to perform any dangerous feat of balancing, physical strength or contortion.
   
   
2. Any person who, being an acrobat, gymnast, rope-walker, diver, wild-animal tamer or circus manager or engaged in a similar calling, shall employ in exhibitions of these kinds children under sixteen years of age who are not his children or descendants.
   
   
3. Any person engaged in any of the callings enumerated in the next preceding paragraph who shall employ any descendant of his under twelve years of age in such dangerous exhibitions.
   
   
4. Any ascendant, guardian, teacher or person entrusted in any capacity with the care of a child under sixteen years of age, who shall deliver such child gratuitously to any person following any of the callings enumerated in paragraph 2 hereof, or to any habitual vagrant or beggar.
   
   If the delivery shall have been made in consideration of any price, compensation, or promise, the penalty shall in every case be imposed in its maximum period.
   
   In either case, the guardian or curator convicted shall also be removed from office as guardian or curator; and in the case of the parents of the child, they may be deprived, temporarily or perpetually, in the discretion of the court, of their parental authority.
   
   
5. Any person who shall induce any child under sixteen years of age to abandon the home of its ascendants, guardians, curators or teachers to follow any person engaged in any of the callings mentioned in paragraph 2 hereof, or to accompany any habitual vagrant or beggar.
   

1. The penalty next lower in degree than that prescribed by law for the crime he threatened to commit, if the offender shall have made the threat demanding money or imposing any other condition, even though not unlawful, and said offender shall have attained his purpose. If the offender shall not have attained his purpose, the penalty lower by two degrees shall be imposed.
   
   If the threat be made in writing or through a middleman, the penalty shall be imposed in its maximum period.
   
   
2. The penalty of arresto mayor and a fine not exceeding 500 pesos, if the threat shall not have been made subject to a condition.
   

1. Any person who, without being included in the provisions of the next preceding article, shall threat another with a weapon, or draw such weapon in a quarrel, unless it be in lawful self-defense.
   
   

1. The penalty of reclusion perpetua to death, when by reason or on occasion of the robbery, the crime of homicide shall have been committed.
   
   

1. The malefactors shall enter the house or building in which the robbery was committed, by any of the following means:
   
   
   1. Through an opening not intended for entrance or egress;
      
      
   2. By breaking any wall, roof, or floor or breaking any door or window;
      
      
   3. By using false keys, picklocks or similar tools;
      
      
   4. By using any fictitious name or pretending the exercise of public authority; or if—
      
   
   
2. The robbery be committed under any of the following circumstances:
   
   
   1. By the breaking of doors, wardrobes, chests, or any other kind of locked or sealed furniture or receptacle;
      
      
   2. By taking such furniture or objects away to be broken of forced open outside the place of the robbery.
      

1. If the entrance has been effected through any opening not intended for entrance or egress
   .
2. If any wall, roof, floor or outside door or window has been broken.
   
   
3. If the entrance has been effected through the use of false keys, picklocks or other similar tools.
   
   
4. If any door, wardrobe, chest, or any sealed or closed furniture or receptacle has been broken.
   
   
5. If any closed or sealed receptacle, as mentioned in the preceding paragraph, has been removed, even if the same be broken open elsewhere.
   

1. The tools mentioned in the next preceding article.
   
   
2. Genuine keys stolen from the owner.
   
   
3. Any keys other than those intended by the owner for use in the lock forcibly opened by the offender.
   

1. The penalty of prision mayor in its minimum and medium periods, if the value of the thing stolen is more than 12,000 pesos but does not exceed 22,000 pesos; but if the value of the thing stolen exceeds the latter amount, the penalty shall be the maximum period of the one prescribed in this paragraph, and one year for each additional ten thousand pesos, but the total of the penalty which may be imposed shall not exceed twenty years. In such cases, and in connection with the accessory penalties which may be imposed and for the purpose of the other provisions of this Code, the penalty shall be termed prision mayor or reclusion temporal, as the case may be.
   
   
2. The penalty of prision correccional in its medium and maximum periods, if the value of the thing stolen is more than 6,000 pesos but does not exceed 12,000 pesos.
   
   
3. The penalty of prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods, if the value of the property stolen is more than 200 pesos but does not exceed 6,000 pesos.
   
   
4. Arresto mayor in its medium period to prision correccional in its minimum period, if the value of the property stolen is over 50 pesos but does not exceed 200 pesos.
   
   
5. Arresto mayor to its full extent, if such value is over 5 pesos but does not exceed 50 pesos.
   
   
6. Arresto mayor in its minimum and medium periods, if such value does not exceed 5 pesos.
   
   

1. With unfaithfulness or abuse of confidence, namely:
   
   
   1. By altering the substance, quantity, or quality of anything of value which the offender shall deliver by virtue of an obligation to do so, even though such obligation be based on an immoral or illegal consideration.
      
      
   2. By misappropriating or converting, to the prejudice of another, money, goods, or any other personal property received by the offender in trust or on commission, or for administration, or under any other obligation involving the duty to make delivery of or to return the same, even though such obligation be totally or partially guaranteed by a bond; or by denying having received such money, goods, or other property.
      
      
   3. By taking undue advantage of the signature of the offended party in blank, and by writing any document above such signature in blank, to the prejudice of the offended party or any third person.
      
   
   
2. By means of any of the following false pretenses or fraudulent acts executed prior to or simultaneously with the commission of the fraud:
   
   
   1. By using fictitious name, or falsely pretending to possess power, influence, qualifications, property, credit, agency, business or imaginary transactions, or by means of other similar deceits.
      
      
   2. By altering the quality, fineness or weight of anything pertaining to his art or business.
      
      
   3. By pretending to have bribed any Government employee, without prejudice to the action for calumny which the offended party may deem proper to bring against the offender. In this case, the offender shall be punished by the maximum period of the penalty.
      
      
   4. By postdating a check, or issuing such check in payment of an obligation, the offender knowing that at the time he had no funds in the bank, or the funds deposited by him in the bank were not sufficient to cover the amount of the check, and without informing the payee of such circumstances.
      
   
   
3. Through any of the following fraudulent means:
   
   
   1. By inducing another, by means of deceit, to sign any document.
      
      
   2. By resorting to some fraudulent practice to insure success in a gambling game.
      
      
   3. By removing, concealing or destroying, in whole or in part, any court record, office files, document or any other papers.
      

1. Any person who, pretending to be the owner of any real property, shall convey, sell, encumber or mortgage the same.
   
   
2. Any person who, knowing that real property is encumbered, shall dispose of the same, although such encumbrance be not recorded.
   
   
3. The owner of any personal property who shall wrongfully take it from its lawful possessor, to the prejudice of the latter or any third person.
   
   
4. Any person who, to the prejudice of another, shall execute any fictitious contract.
   
   
5. Any person who shall accept any compensation given him under the belief that it was in payment of services rendered or labor performed by him, when in fact he did not actually perform such services or labor.
   
   
6. Any person who, while being a surety in a bond given in a criminal or civil action, without express authority from the court or before the cancellation of his bond or before being relieved from the obligation contracted by him, shall sell, mortgage, or, in any other manner, encumber the real property or properties with which he guaranteed the fulfillment of such obligation.
   

1. Any person who shall knowingly remove any personal property mortgaged under the Chattel Mortgage Law to any province or city other than the one in which it was located at the time of the execution of the mortgage, without the written consent of the mortgagee or his executors, administrators or assigns.
   
   
2. Any mortgagor who shall sell or pledge personal property already pledged, or any part thereof, under the terms of the Chattel Mortgage Law, without the consent of the mortgagee written on the back of the mortgage and noted on the record thereof in the office of the register of deeds of the province where such property is located.
   

1. Any arsenal, shipyard, storehouse or military powder or fireworks factory, ordnance storehouse, archives or general museum of the Government.
   
   
2. Any passenger train or motor vehicle in motion or vessel out of port.
   
   
3. In an inhabited place, any storehouse or factory of inflammable or explosive materials.
   
   
4. Any theater, church, cockpit, or other building where meetings are held, when occupied by a numerous assemblage.
   

1. By reclusion temporal to reclusion perpetua, if the offender shall set fire to any building, farm-house, warehouse, hut, shelter, or vessel in port, knowing it to be occupied at the time by one or more persons.
   
   
2. By reclusion temporal:
   
   
   1. If the building burned is a public building and the value of the damage caused exceeds 6,000 pesos;
      
      
   2. If an inhabited house or any other building in which people are accustomed to meet is set on fire, and the culprit did not know that such house or building was occupied at the time, or if he shall set fire to a moving freight train or motor vehicle, and the value of the damage caused exceeds 6,000 pesos.
   
   
3. By prision mayor :
   
   
   1. If the value of the damage caused in the cases mentioned in the next preceding subdivision does not exceed 6,000 pesos.
      
      
   2. If a building not used as a dwelling or place of assembly, located in a populated place, is set on fire, and the damage caused exceeds 6,000 pesos;
      
      
   3. If a farm, sugar mill, cane mill, central, mill, bamboo groves or any similar plantation is set on fire, and the damage caused exceeds 6,000 pesos.
   
   
4. By prision correccional in its maximum period to prision mayor in its medium period, when the damage caused exceeds 6,000 pesos and the following are set on fire:
   
   
   1. A building used as a dwelling located in an uninhabited place; or
      
      
   2. Grain fields, pasture lands, forests, or plantings.
   
   
5. By prision correccional in its medium period to prision mayor in its minimum period, when the damage caused is over 200 pesos but does not exceed 1,000 pesos, and any of the property referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) of the next preceding subdivision is set on fire; but when the value of such property does not exceed 200 pesos, the penalty next lower in degree than that prescribed in this subdivision shall be imposed when the property burned is a building used as a dwelling in an uninhabited place, and the penalty of arresto menor and a fine ranging from fifty to one hundred per centum of the damage caused shall be imposed, when the property burned consist of grain fields, pasture lands, forests or plantations.
   
   

1. By arresto mayor in its medium and maximum periods, when the damage caused does not exceed 50 pesos;
   
   
2. By arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision correccional in its minimum period, when the damage caused is over 50 pesos but does not exceed 200;
   
   
3. By prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods, if the damage caused is over 200 pesos but does not exceed 1,000; and
   
   
4. By prision correccional in its medium and maximum periods, if it is over 1,000 pesos.
   

1. By prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods, if the value of the damage caused exceeds 1,000 pesos;
   
   
2. By arresto mayor, if such value does not exceed the above-mentioned amount but is over 200 pesos; and
   
   
3. By arresto menor, if such value does not exceed 200 pesos.
   

1. By arresto mayor in its medium and maximum periods, if the value of the damage caused exceeds 1,000 pesos;
   
   
2. By arresto mayor in its minimum and medium periods, if such value is over 200 pesos but does not exceed 1,000; and
   
   
3. By arresto menor or fine of not less than the value of the damage caused and not more than three times such value, if the amount involved exceeds 200 pesos or cannot be estimated.
   

1. Spouses, ascendants and descendants, or relatives by affinity in the same line;
   
   
2. The widowed spouse with respect to the property which belonged to the deceased spouse before the same shall have passed into the possession of another; and
   
   
3. Brothers and sisters and brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law, if living together.
   

1. By using force or intimidation;
   
   
2. When the woman is deprived of reason or otherwise unconscious; and
   
   
3. When the woman is under twelve years of age, even though neither of the circumstances mentioned in the two next preceding paragraphs shall be present.
   

1. To indemnify the offended woman.
   
   
2. To acknowledge the offspring, unless the law should prevent him from so doing.
   
   
3. In every case to support the offspring.
   

1. A private communication made by any person to another in the performance of any legal, moral or social duty; and
   
   
2. A fair and true report, made in good faith, without any comments or remarks, of any judicial, legislative or other official proceedings which are not of confidential nature, or of any statement, report or speech delivered in said proceedings, or of any other act performed by public officers in the exercise of their functions.